The overall protection and assistance response in Turkey is firmly run by the Government. Since the beginning of the Syrian crisis in 2011, Turkey established an efficient emergency response and declared a temporary protection regime for Syrian refugees, ensuring protection and assistance in 22 camps, set up by the Disaster and Emergency Management Agency (AFAD).

As of October 2014, Turkey hosted an estimated 1.6 million Syrian refugees with nearly 221,000 residing in camps and 1.4 million refugees within the communities. Nearly 980,000 refugees registered with the Government, while 620,000 remain unregistered. A new influx of 200,000 refugees at the end of 2014 resulted in a sudden increase of population.